Heating design in Kyiv

In the modern world, only forced circulation of the heat carrier in the heating system is used. The main feature of this type of system is the use of a circulation pump for forced transportation of the heat carrier.

Basically, a forced circulation heating system consists of:

1. heat source (boiler, heat pump, solar collector, etc.) piping systems;
2. heating devices (fan coil units, radiators, convectors, etc.);
3. expansion tank;
4. circulation pump, etc.

Air heating is a system where air is used as a heat carrier. The following can be used as a heat source: a gas generator, an electric heating element, a heat pump, etc. This type of heating system is mainly used in administrative buildings, shopping centers, offices, and restaurants.

How it works. The system has a heat source that generates heat. Next, the heat is transferred to the air, which moves through the duct system, thanks to superchargers, and through the air diffusers enters the premises, thereby heating them.

The air heating system operated on the principle of recirculation. This implies that 70% of the indoor air is used for heating, and 30% is adding fresh air to the mixture.

Disadvantages of air heating:

• Air supply is at the top of the room, and according to the laws of physics, warm air always moves up. This means that heat accumulates under the ceiling, and the lower part of the room does not warm up well.
• For high-quality space heating, a large amount of air is needed. Accordingly, air ducts with a large cross-section are used, which makes the ceilings significantly lower and increases the cost of implementing the system (more material is used).
• Low inertia. This implies that when the system is turned off for a short period of time, the room will quickly cool down and the parameters of a comfortable microclimate will be violated.

Air heating is not used in residential buildings and apartments.

An electric boiler is a device for heating a heat carrier in a piping system using electricity.

The electric boiler performs the following functions:

1. room heating;
2. domestic hot water heating.

In the electric heating system can be used:

• underfloor heating system;
• radiators;
• in-floor convectors.

Electric heating is considered if there is no gas-main on the site. Since, laying a gas pipeline will be an expensive solution.

Disadvantages of electric heating:

• Low efficiency (coefficient of performance). When consuming 1 kW of electricity, the electric boiler produces 0.9 kW. Compared to other heat sources, such as an air-to-water heat pump (from 1 kW it delivers 3 kW) or ground source heat pump (from 1 kW to 6 kW), an electric boiler is less efficient.
• In case of a power outage, consumers will be left without hot water and heating.
• Power failures in the network, which can lead to the shutdown of the electric boiler.
• Limited amount of electricity supply to the house.

The heat pump is multifunctional equipment for the implementation of a comfortable microclimate throughout the year. With the correct implementation of the heating system, you will receive an energy-efficient and economic climate system.

The device performs three functions:

1. heating in winter;

2. cooling during the warm period;

3. water heating for hot water supply.

Types of heat pumps:

• Air-to-air heat pump – performs the function of cooling or heating the premises, but during operation it can bring discomfort to the residents, since the air is distributed unevenly throughout the volume of the room. This equipment uses low-grade heat of outdoor air and uses indoors air as a heat carrier.

• Air-to-water heat pump -performs 3 functions: domestic hot water supply, heating and cooling of the home. The device, as well as the previous version, uses the energy of the outside air, however, water acts as a heat carrier.

• Ground source heat pump-

  has all three functions, but compared to an air heat pump, installation is an expensive solution, since a lot of additional work is necessary (drilling wells, installing geothermal probes, soil analysis, etc.).

​Heat pumps are well-known for their high efficiency, so they are in great demand among consumers.

• ​Air heat pump with 1 kW of electricity provides 3 kW of heat;​

• ​Ground source heat pump with 1 kW of electricity – up to 6 kW of heat.​

However, to achieve such efficiency, the following conditions must be fulfilled:

1. Your home must meet the specifications for energy-efficient housing. This means that external structures (foundation, roof, external walls) must be thermally insulated and high-quality double-glazed windows must be installed.
2. There must be supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery, which will reduce the load on the heating system. Since the recuperator uses the heat of the exhaust air to heat the supply air.
3. There must be an underfloor heating system with coverage of 100% of the housing area.
4. Using of fancoil units. A fancoil unit is a versatile device that can be used for home cooling and heating. It is significant that the heat pump performs all its functions. If you use a radiator instead of a fan coil unit, then it will be impossible to implement cooling in the house. In addition, the heat pump will lose some of its potential.

Types of gas boilers:

1. Atmospheric.
2. Turbocharged.
3. Condensing.

The best solution among gas boilers is a condensing type boiler.

A condensing boiler is equipment with an operating principle based on the condensation process. Thus, instead of throwing combustion products out, the device stores and uses water vapor in the system as an additional source of energy. As a result, we get an efficiency above 100%.

Advantages:

• High efficiency (condensate is used).
• The system will be able to provide home heating at an outside temperature of -22 ℃ at full capacity.
• Presence of weather-dependent function. Thanks to the sensor on the street, the power of the boiler is regulated, respectively, the set temperature inside the premises is maintained.
• Automatic temperature control. The temperature in the room is controlled time-wise, using temperature sensors inside the room.

If you are interested in learning about other types of gas boilers, we recommend that you read the article “Gas or electric – which boiler is better and more cost-efficient”.

Solid fuel boiler is equipment for space heating. Thermal energy is obtained by burning solid raw materials (coal, wood, briquettes, etc.). In the modern world, where natural resources are especially valued, the use of a solid fuel boiler is not in great demand. In addition, there are other difficulties:

• expensive raw materials, since the material must have a high density;
• moisture content of the product must not exceed 30%. It is necessary to provide a separate room for the storage of raw materials.

A hybrid heating system is implemented using several heat sources (two or more). Such a system is used when the main heat source is not enough.

What equipment combinations can be used?

1. Heat pump + gas boiler.
2. Heat pump + electric boiler.
3. ​Solid fuel boiler + electric boiler.
4. ​Solid fuel boiler + gas boilers.​

​For a more profound understanding of hybrid heating systems, we recommend reading the article “Combined heating system – the choice and price of a mixed system for the home”.

The design of heating for houses and apartments has almost no differences. The difference is only in the amount of work required.

The design of the climate system consists of the following stages:

• Collection and analysis of data.
• Thermotechnical calculation.
• Hydraulic calculation.
• Equipment selection.
• Estimate.

More details about the above points, you can read above in the section “REQUIRED STAGES”.

​Yes, it is necessary to have it. The design of heating systems is an integral part of the implementation, regardless of the type of system.

The price of a heating project for a private house, not only in Kyiv, but also throughout Ukraine, depends on the area of ​​​​your house or apartment. Accordingly, the larger the area, the higher the price. The design cost is 150 UAH per m².

You can order a heating system design service from Alter Air by calling 0 800 33 08 28 or by leaving a request on the website.