Sewerage design

It is necessary to start designing cottage sewerage system already at the planning stage of the house or before “cosmetic” repairs, if you have to change the plumbing and sewerage in the apartment. It is possible to connect the water supply in an already finished private house (summer house, cottage), but it will be more difficult and will require costly changes in the design or new decoration of the apartment.

When applying for a sewerage project, you need to be prepared for the fact that you will need not only a house plan with the location of future plumbing indicated on it, but already accurately imagine what its throughput will be. As well as other information, for example, the location of engineering systems near the house, if there is a connection to the central city sewer. Alternatively, a site plan with a soil analysis on it, which will help you choose the right location and depth for pipes and water treatment facilities.

When drawing up a sewerage plan in a private house or apartment, it is necessary to comply with all the rules and regulations set forth in the State Construction Standards of Ukraine:

• В.2.5-75: 2013 “Sewerage. External networks and facilities”;

• B.2.5-64: 2012 “Internal water supply and sewerage”.

Sewerage design in a private house begins with determining the location of the main riser and the place where wastewater will flow - into the central sewer (tie-in into the city system) or individual treatment facilities (cesspool, septic tank, filter well).

For the final choice of an individual treatment unit, it is necessary to know how much wastewater it must handle, as well as what type of soil on the site. The volume of drains is calculated based on the number of residents in the house and their daily water consumption.

Depending on the chosen treatment plant, certain building standards are applied. For example, for a septic tank, this is:

• distance to the house - 5-10 m. Usually a septic tank is installed at the stage of pouring the foundation pit for the house;

• depth of occurrence - from 2-4 m (depending on the soil);

• to protect the septic tank from destruction under the influence of soil and groundwater, it is recommended to place it in a concrete "pocket".

There are other norms for the placement of sewer facilities on the site. For example, the distance to outbuildings (barn), wells, highways. They also need to be known and observed.

When selecting a sewerage system, the relief of the site plays an important role. The natural slope of the relief allows organizing a natural drainage of water into the water treatment unit (gravity sewerage).

If there is a large difference in relief on the site and it is impossible to place water treatment facilities below the house, then additional equipment will be needed for the system – a pumping station or a fecal pump.

It is much easier to make a sewerage system project in a city apartment because the house already has a central sewerage system and water supply.

For the effective operation of sewerage in an apartment, several requirements must be met:

1. slope 2 cm per 1 m;

2. diameter of the main sewer pipe Ø100-110 mm;

3. correctly selected pipe diameter for each plumbing fixture: toilet bowls (Ø100 mm), taps, showers, washing machines and others (Ø50 mm);

4. the correct (small) distance of plumbing fixtures to the central riser because otherwise there will not be enough pressure in the pipes to discharge drains. Therefore, in apartment buildings, several risers are usually installed.

The same requirements (slope, diameter, distance) are also relevant for the efficient operation of sewers in a private house.

The project must be drawn up at the construction stage of the building. It must consider the characteristics of the territory, structure and comply with existing building codes. This is a difficult task, as it requires special knowledge, so we recommend ordering a sewerage project and sewer installation in Kyiv from Alter Air specialists.

When designing sewerage, it is necessary to consider:

• where the waste will be discharged (to the central sewer, septic tank or cesspool);

• what volume of drains the sewerage should be calculated for;

• features of the territory;

• where and what plumbing fixtures will be installed to correctly position the drains and select the required diameter of the water pipes.

We do not recommend starting sewerage installation without a final project. In the best case, improper design of sewerage networks will entail additional costs at the stage of its installation, for example, due to lack of materials. In the worst case, the lack of a plan will cause it to malfunction and the prospect of failure at any time due to excessive workload.